Answer to Question #296861 in Biochemistry for TeeTee

Question

The information contained in genes is expressed 

Answer 1

The information contained in genes is expressed as proteins. Genetic information is encoded in DNA that represents a linear sequence of nucleotides. Storage and amplification that is controlled by replication is the first step of the realization of genetic information. The double helix of maternal DNA is decomposed into two strands, a second strand is built on each strand formed, producing two identical daughter DNA molecules, which are then twisted into separate spirals using the special enzymes. During the subsequent division of the maternal cell, each daughter cell receives one copy of the original maternal cell's DNA molecule. This procedure ensures accurate genetic information transmission. Codons in DNA code for amino acid sequences in proteins. So amino acid sequences in proteins match nucleotide sequences in DNA. As a result, DNA determines the structure and function of proteins that control most biological processes. DNA is a large, stable molecule that cannot be used directly as a protein template. The process requires mRNA as a mediator. This RNA's nucleotide sequence matches that of DNA. mRNA is a small, compact molecule that can be used to synthesize proteins. Transcription creates mRNA from DNA. The process of transcribing genetic information from DNA to RNA, specifically mRNA. The RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using the complementarity principle. Encoding genetic information in mRNA, proteins are made up of amino acids that match mRNA nucleotide sequence. This is done by nonmembranous RNA-protein complexes called ribosomes. They use mRNA and amino acids linked to tRNA to decode genetic information. mRNA has codons that correspond to specific amino acids. Specific tRNA anticodons can recognize the codon. The peptide bond is formed when amino acids are attached to the correct codon-anticodon pair. This continuous process produces a protein with a defined structure. These steps are required to express genetic information as proteins.