Answer to Question #261423 in Ecology for Bright

Question

Write an essay on human schistosomiasis and explain its distribution, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control with reference to South Africa

Answer 1

Human Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes (blood flukes) of the genus Schistosoma. In south Africa poor communities suffer from this disease due to lack of safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation.

TRANSMISSION

It occurs fecal matter from people suffering from schistosomiasis having eggs on it come into contact with fresh water and so the eggs hatch in water.

SYMPTOMS

The common symptoms of the disease include abdominal pain, bloody stool, diarrhoea and enlarged liver.

TREATMENT

An effective drug for treatment of Schistosomiasis is Praziquantel as it treats all species of Schistosomes.

DIAGNOSIS

It is done by detecting parasite eggs in urine or stool. Detection of antigens or antibodies in blood and urine samples indicates Schistosomiasis infection.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Schistosomiasis can be prevented and controlled by treating infected people periodically and encouraging people at risk to go for regular check-ups to prevent further spread of the disease. Additionally, people should always take clean water and ensure proper sanitation in their area of stay. Besides, snails should be eliminated in areas of population at-risk.