Evolution Answers

explain evolution of human in detail?

explain evolution of elephant?

Explain in details how do animals get their food?

How does an animal's body covering, influence the way it exchanges gases, feeds and move? (5marks)

How does the body plan of cnidarian differ from that of sponge?

How various biochemical approach are helpful in the process of classification of plants and animals ? Give examples

Hominin evolution is a very complex process, as our lineage is full of evolutionary dead ends and side branches. However, thanks to anthropologists, historians, geologists and many other branches of science, most of the beginning of human history is no longer a grey area of scientific research.

Write a 2,000 word essay (not including references) on:

How did we evolved into the big-brained modern ape that we are today?

Essay should include:

The essay should include details such as when humans and apes split, you should also provide details on Australopithecines and early species of Homo genus as well as discussing our most recent extinct relatives, Homo neanderthalis.

In the year 2850, humans successfully colonized Mars. The Martian modules that were constructed could hold only a small population of people. It is now a century later, and the population on Mars has grown to 600 people. Of the current Mars population, 45 people express the recessive phenotype for phenylketonuria (PKU) syndrome (pp genotype).

Demonstrate why sickle cell anemia could not have been a Mendelian dominant disease.

 Hint: See data below for the prevalence of the sickle cell anemia allele in various malaria zones.

Group

Unaffected

Carriers

Affected

Nigerians

0.739

0.240

0.019

S. Arabians

0.774

0.211

0.014

Greeks

0.774

0.211

0.014

Hint: Consider the general model for selection: Dq = ((pqw₁₂ + q² w₂₂)/w_avg) – q ; where average fitness (w_avg ) = p²w₁₁ + 2pqw₁₂ + q22w₂₂ and remember that w₁₁ is the fitness of genotype p2; w₁₂ is the fitness of genotype 2pq, and w₂₂ is the fitness of genotype q².

Hint: Use Python or Scrip to stimulate the generational model where the disease allele is dominant (and has lowest fitness) and compare that to when the allele is recessive and has lowest fitness. Finally, consider when the allele is recessive, but the heterozygote has higher fitness than either homozygote. Which simulation best fits the observed data?

The B.1.1.7 SARS-Cov-2 variant has been measured as having an R₀ of 1.1. If the generation time for COVID is 3 days in unvaccinated persons, how many people will be infected starting with an initial cohort of 1 infected individual in one month? *Hint this calculation assumes that unvaccinated people are following the 3Ws.