Answer to Question #188242 in Genetics for Sam

Question

discuss the behaviour of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis in each stage of cell division, including the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. Ensure you cover: 

• Mitosis - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

• Meiosis - interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, interkinesis, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II, cytokinesis

Answer 1

There is no so much differences in plants and animals chromosomal behaviors.

Mitosis Phases.

1. Prophase: Chromosomes condense and a pair of identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
2. Metaphase: The chromosomes lined up along the plane of cell division being pushed and pulled by the microtubules of the spindle apparatus.
3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separates and move towards the opposite poles of the cell.
4. Telophase: Chromatids cluster at the opposite poles and begin to decondense.
5. Interphase: Cells grow and make a copy of it's DNA.

Meiosis Phases.

1. Interphase: Chromosomes duplicate. Microtubules extended from a pair of centrosomes.
2. Prophase I: Chromosomes condense and recombination occurs.
3. Metaphase I: Pairs of chromosomes aligns along the centre of the cell.
4. Anaphase I: Pair of chromosomes are pulled apart. One chromosome to one end of cell pole and the other to opposite pole.
5. Telophase I: Chromosomes complete their move towards opposite poles of the cell.
6. Cytokinesis: The single cell pinches in the middle to form two daughter cells with full set of chromosomes.
7. Interkinesis: The cell rest before they undergo meiosis II.
8. Prophase II: Cell condense again, membrane dissolves and chromosomes are released. The centriole duplicate and the meiotic spindle form again.
9. Metaphase II: The chromosomes in the two daughter cells line up along the equator of the cell. Meiotic spindle fibres attached to each daughter chromatids.
10. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by meiotic spindle action. The separated chromatids then become individual chromosomes
11. Telophase II: Chromosomes complete their move towards opposite poles of the cell. Membrane form around each set of chromosomes to create two new cell nuclei.
12. Cytokinesis: Single cell the pinches in the middle to form two daughter cells with full set of chromosomes.