Human Anatomy and Physiology Answers

Describe the events that lead to a generation of a nerve impulse. ( short answer please)

Using named meninges and ventricles state the functions of cerebrospinal fluid and where it circulates. (10%- 5 marks for meninges and ventricles, 5 for functions of CSF).( short answer please)

1. Define the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and state what are normal values
2. What are the important factors that determine GFR?
3. Define alkalosis, pH and carbon dioxide and bicarbonate values
4. Use the Davenport diagram to explain alkalotic disorders and give examples of the primary disorders- metabolic and respiratory 

Describe the origin and structure of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and state three functions of each nerve. (10%- 5 for sympathetic and 5 for parasympathetic). ( short answer please)

Why it's so difficult to localize sound with only one ear? How does having two ears help to localize sound?

Briefly describe the parts of an unmyelinated and a myelinated neurone. State the functions of neurons and neuroglia. (10%- 5 marks for structure of neurones, 5 marks for functions)

Briefly define endocrine glands and give one functional difference between the endocrine and nervous system. State the importance of the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine control and give two examples of hormones released from the pituitary. (10%).( thanks)

How monoclonal antibodies bind with COVID 19 and how it works? Describe the indication and contraindication? (1200-1500) words

▹Leona is 52 years old and smokes. She is also overweight and has atherosclerosis. When she was given a 2-week vacation from work, she packed up her bags and flew from Minnesota to Sydney, Australia, for the trip she always wanted to take. Unfortunately, just 3 days after she arrived, she was hospitalized when her left calf became inflamed, causing her considerable pain. The physician attending to her told her she developed a deep vein thrombosis. When Leona was in hospital, she received heparin therapy. 

▸Why the trip to Australia contributed to Leona’s DVT? Why was Leona already at risk for thrombus development?

▸Why heparin was taken to treat her DVT? Why was she not given heparin tablets to take back to the hotel with her?