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Cholesterol is found in many foods and can also be made by the liver through a series of enzyme-catalysed reactions. To avoid increased risks of heart disease, cholesterol levels must be tightly regulated. In healthy individuals, cholesterol is only produced by the liver when blood cholesterol levels are low. In certain individuals, the body fails to regulate cholesterol production because of a mutation in one of the enzymes involved in the biochemical pathway responsible for synthesizing cholesterol, resulting in an overproduction of cholesterol. Explain a mechanism for how this mutation might result in excess cholesterol production.


1. Cladistics         

6. Homologous Characters

11. Asteroid

2. Phylogeny      

7. Analogous Characters

12. Crinoid

3. Cladograms 

8. Clade                               

13. Holothuroid

4. Character        

9. Phylogenic Trees         

14. Ophiuroid 

5. Character State

 

10. Echinoid


1.A cardiology nurse administered amiodarone (class III antiarrhythmic agent) to a patient suffering from tachyarrhythmia. What is the mechanism of action of this agent?

2.The heart rate of the patient in question 1 above is high after amiodarone was administered. The nurse now has in mind an agent that can also be antimalarial and anti-pyretic. Which agent does she have in mind?

3.A cardiologist observed damaged cardiac tissue in his patient who is experiencing tachycardia. He instructed the cardiology nurse on duty to administer an antiarrhythmic medication from a class of drugs that acts exclusively on both activated and inactivated sodium channels.

     a) What antiarrhythmic drug is the cardiologist referring to?

     b) What adverse effects should be monitored in the patient following

          administration of this drug?   


Jeff has learned from his urologist that his kidney disease has progressed to renal failure and that he must include dialysis in his treatment plan. Because you work on the dialysis unit of the hospital, Jeff has asked you to explain how the hemodialysis machine works. He also asks if the unit is portable so that he can use it at home, if necessary. What will you tell Jeff?


Provide details on two motor abilities you would assess and how you would assess them


1.     In house cats, the polydactyl trait (more than five digits on paws) is dominant to having five digits (recessive trait). A five-digit female cat was mated to a male of unknown genotype/phenotype. They had nine offspring; five of the offspring were polydactyl, while the other four had five digits.

 

a.     From the information above, clearly indicate what the genotypes of each of the parents are. (2 marks)

 

 

 

 

b.     Draw a Punnett square for this cross and indicate the genotypic and phenotypic percentages of the offspring. (2 marks)

 

 

 

 

 

c.      If two of the polydactyl F1 offspring were crossed, what would be the expected genotypic and phenotypic percentages of this F2 generation of offspring? Draw the Punnett square for this mating. (3 marks)


Using these fruits below from family Rutaceae, observe the features or characteristics of each fruit. Place all these characters in a table. Possible characters that you can use like presence/absence of a feature or trait, shape, color etc. Use common names at the end of each choice. Create a dichotomous key.


  1. Orange
  2. Dalandan
  3. Pomelo
  4. Calamansi
  5. Kiat-kiat
  6. Lemon

What is quadrant notation of 100°



What must natural sciences educators pay attention to of they were to transform child science into true scientific understanding?


As a researcher, you wanted to study the effect of fertilizer on the growth of lemon trees. You placed 6 of the same type of lemon seeds into separate containers, each containing the same amount of soil. Each pot received a different watering solution, containing varying amounts of fertilizer.


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