Macroeconomics Answers

2. Enumerate methods of qualitative and quantitative forecasting. What are the major differ-

ences between the two?

1. Explain the difference between time series data and cross-sectional data. Provide examples

of each type of data.

The government is considering raising the tax rate on labor income and asks you to report on the supply-side effects of such an action.

Use appropriate graphs and report directions of change, not exact magnitudes. What will happen to:

1. The supply of labor
2. The demand for labor and why?
3. Equilibrium employment and why?
4. The equilibrium before-tax wage rate and why?
5. The equilibrium after-tax wage and why?
6. Potential GDP?

In the economy of Nocoin, Bank deposits are $300 billion, bank reserves are $15 billion of which two-thirds are deposits with the central bank. Households and firms hold $30 billion in bank notes. There are no coins. Calculate:

1. The monetary base and quantity of money.
2. The banks’ desired reserve ratio and the currency drain ratio (as percentage).

Canada produces natural resources (coal, natural gas, and others), the demand for which has increased rapidly as China and other emerging economies expand.

1. Explain how growth in the demand for Canada’s natural resources would affect the demand for Canadian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
2. Explain how the supply of Canadian dollars would change.
3. Explain how the value of the Canadian dollar would change.
4. Illustrate your answer with a graphical analysis.

Suppose that yesterday the Canadian dollar was trading on the foreign exchange market at 0.75 euros per Canadian dollar and today the Canadian dollar is trading at 0.80 euros per Canadian dollar. Which of the two currencies (the Canadian dollar or the euro) has appreciated and which has depreciated today?

Colombia is the world’s biggest producer of roses. The global demand for roses increases and at the same time Colombia’s central bank increases the interest rate. In the foreign exchange market for Colombian pesos, what happens to:

1. The demand for pesos?
2. The supply of pesos?
3. The quantity of pesos demanded?
4. The quantity of pesos supplied?
5. The peso-Canadian dollar exchange rate?

Banks in New Transylvania have a desired reserve ratio of 10 percent of deposits and no excess reserves. The currency drain ratio is 50 percent of deposits. Now suppose that the central bank increases the monetary base by $1,200 billion.

1. How much do the banks lend in the first round of the money creation process?
2. How much of the initial amount loaned flows back to the banking system as new
3. deposits?
4. How much of the initial amount loaned does not return to the banks but is held
5. as currency?
6. Why does a second round of lending occur?
7. Calculate money multiplier in this example?
8. What is the final increase in the quantity of money?

Imagine that the government unexpectedly introduces a capital income tax τ;

that is, net capital income becomes r(t) = (1 − τ)fk(k(t)). Also assume that

the tax revenues are used for unproductive government purchases. How does

this policy change the balanced growth path?

Explore transport as service and industry within the South African economy.