Answer to Question #282198 in Civil and Environmental Engineering for lys

Question

Write atleast 5 different infrastrustures under the domain of the following specialization of Civil Engineering.

*structural engineering

*water resource engineering

*transportation engineering

Answer 1

Civil engineering is the design, implementation, and maintenance of public works. This involves facilities and structures such as arenas, large scale monuments, government buildings, transportation routes as well as other structures. Engineers will either work for the city or for a private firm that has been hired by the city. Some civil engineers work in the private sector on projects for independent companies.There are several types of civil engineering. A civil engineer can specialize in a number of different civil engineering branches. Those branches are described briefly below:

1. Structural Engineering
2. Geotechnical Engineering
3. Environmental Engineering
4. Transportation Engineering
5. Water Resource Engineering
6. Earthquake Engineering
7. Material Engineering
8. Construction Engineering 
9. Surveying 
10. Municipal Engineering
11. Coastal Engineering
12. Tunnel Engineering

structure:

This branch of civil engineering encompasses the structural analysis and design of structures. It is the responsibility of the structural engineer to analyze and design a structure that will safely bear or resist the stresses, forces and loads. The design must satisfy the project specifications while meeting all safety regulations. The structure must endure massive loads as well as natural disasters and climate changes.

Major specialties:

• Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures subject to seismic loading
• Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
• Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and construction
• Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures

water:

These engineers deal with the design and construction of hydraulic structures. These structures include dams, canals and water distribution system. The engineer is responsible for the design of the structure as well as the implementation and safety precautions that must be closely adhered to when dealing with hydraulic structures.

Major specialties:

• Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water; intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and canals.
• River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.
• Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or providing navigational access.
• Groundwater engineering involves the analysis, monitoring and often modelling of groundwater source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be used for e.g. recharging reservoirs and irrigation.

transportation:

Civil engineers that specialize in transportation engineering will work with the planning, construction and management of transportation facilities. They will design and implement the infrastructures that deal with transportation in order to provide a safe, comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally compatible mode of transport. There are six divisions related to transportation engineering: highway, air transportation, waterway, aerospace, coastal & ocean and urban transportation.

Major specialties:

• Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary for transportation
• Highway engineering, a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves the construction and design of highways
• Railway systems engineering