Civil and Environmental Engineering Answers

A stadia measurement was undertaken with a theodolite having an internal focusing

telescope and stadia interval factor of 98.8. When a backsight was taken on a turning

point whose elevation is 205.62 m, the rod interval observed was 1.94 m; and with the

horizontal hairs set at 1.50 m on the rod, the vertical angle reading was +13045’. For a

foresight to a control point, the rod intercept was 1.17 m; and with the horizontal hair

reading of 1.60 m on the rod, the vertical angle observed was -7018’. Determine the

elevation of the line of sight at the instrument point and the elevation of the point on

which the foresight was taken.

A cable is suspended between two supports at the same elevation 250m high and 500 m apart. The load is 500 kg per horizontal meter including the weight of the cable. The sag of the cable is 50 m. calculate the total length of the cable.

 8.) An air blower is to deliver 40,000 ft3/min. Two U-tube gages measure suction and discharge pressures. The suction gage reads a negative 2′′ of water. The discharge gage, located 3 ft above the point to which the suction gage is attached, reads +3′′ of water. The discharge and suction ducts are of equal diameter. What size motor should be used to drive the blower if the overall efficiency is 68% (γ = 0.0750 lb/ft3 for air)?

5.) Oil of specific gravity 0.750 is pumped from a tank over a hill through a 24′′ pipe with the pressure at the top of the hill maintained at 25.5 psi. The summit is 250 ft above the surface of the oil in the tank, and oil is pumped at the rate of 22.0 cfs. If the lost head from tank to summit is 15.7 ft, what horsepower must the pump supply to the liquid? 

6.) Compute the lost head in a 150-mm pipe if it is necessary to maintain a pressure of 231 kPa at a point upstream and 1.83 m below where the pipe discharges water into the atmosphere at the rate of 0.0556 m /s. 

7.) Water is pumped from reservoir A at elevation 750.0' to reservoir E at elevation 800.0' through a 12′′ pipeline. The pressure in the 12′′ pipe at point D, at elevation 650.0', is 80.0 psi. The lost heads are: A to pump suction B = 2.0 ft, pump discharge C to D = 38V2 /2g, and D to E = 40V2 /2g. Find discharge Q and horsepower supplied by pump BC.

1.)  A 300-mm pipe carries oil of sp gr 0.812 at a rate of 0.111 m /s, and the pressure at a point A is 18.4 kPa gage. If point A is 1.89 m above the datum plane, calculate the energy at A.

2.) Water flows upward in a vertical 300-mm pipe at the rate of 0.222 m /s. At point A in the pipe the pressure is 210 kPa. At B, 4.57 m above A, the diameter is 600 mm, and the lost head A to B equals 1.83 m. Determine the pressure at B.

3.) A 12′′ pipe line carries oil of specific gravity 0.811 at a velocity of 80.0 ft/sec. At points A and B, measurements of pressure and elevation were 52.6 psi and 100.0 ft and 42.0 psi and 110.0 ft, respectively. For steady flow, find the lost head between A and B. 

4.) A reservoir supplies water to a horizontal 6′′ pipe 800 ft long. The pipe flows full and discharges into the atmosphere at the rate of 2.23 cfs. What is the pressure in psi midway in the pipe, assuming the only lost head is 6.20 ft in each 100 ft of length? 

From the open compass traverse shown, if the forward bearing of line AB is N 75°30’ E, compute the: a. Forward and backward bearing of each line b. Forward and backward azimuth for each line. Tabulate values accordingly. LINE FORWARD BACKWARD BEARING AZIMUTH FROM NORTH AZIMUTH FROM SOUTH BEARING AZIMUTH FROM NORTH AZIMUTH FROM SOUTH AB BC CD

1. Use the Cu-Ni phase diagram

(a)Based on the phase diagram, comment on the solubility of Cu and Ni in eachother and explain your answer.

(b)What type of solid solutions are resulting alloys? Explain your answer.

(c)For a Cu-40Ni alloy (60wt%Cu, 40wt%Ni), determine the degrees of freedom and the phase composition at

(i)1300°C

(ii)1250°C

(iii)1200°C

1.Use the Cu-Ag phase diagram.

(a) What is the maximum solubility of Cu in Ag, and at what temperature do you get the maximum solubility?

(b)What is the maximum solubility of Ag in Cu, and at what temperature do you get the maximum solubility?

(c)(i)What transformation is taking place at point E

(ii)At what temperature and composition does the transformation at point E take place?

(iii)What is the significance of the transformation at point E?

(iv) Sketch, label and describr the microstructure formed at point E.

(d) For theCu-Ag alloy, determine

(i)phase composition at 1100°C

(ii)phase composition at 900°C

(iii)phase composition at 600°C

Note: point E is an eutectic point.

A pipe of 40 mm bore conveys air at a mean velocity of 21.5 m· s−1. The density of the air is

1.225 kg ·m−3 and its dynamic viscosity is 1.8 × 10−5 Pa · s. Calculate that volume flow rate of

water through the pipe which would correspond to the same value of friction factor f if the

dynamic viscosity of water is 1.12 × 10−3 Pa · s. What type of flow is exhibited in this pipe?

A tapered pipe is bent at 600 in the vertical plane. The diameters of inlet and outlet are 200cm

and 400cm respectively. The center of the outlet is 180cm above the inlet. The pressure at outlet