Cell Biology Answers

What is the importance of signal sequence in protein import in the ER? Detail answer

How can the SRP bind specifically to so many different sequences?

How are polyribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane arranged so that the next initiating ribosome will find an unoccupied translocator?

Digestive System Part

1.) Mouth

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

2.) Salivary gland

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

3,) Esophagus

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

4.) Stomach

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

5.) Gall Bladder

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

6.) Liver

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

7.) Pancreas

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

8.) Small intestine

-Function?

-What, if any, enzyme is used here? What does the enzyme do?

For each of the following parts of the digestive system, describe what happens to this type of biomolecule. This may include physical and chemical changes. Name the enzymes which act on this type of biomolecule and tell where the biomolecule gets absorbed into the circulatory system.

Digestive system part Changes to biomolecule? Enzymes present?

Mouth 1. 2.

Salivary gland 3. 4.

Esophagus 5. 6.

Stomach 7. 8.

Gall bladder 9. 10.

Liver 11. 12.

Pancreas 13. 14.

Small intestine 15. 16.

Discuss photosynthesis under the following subheadings:

1. The leaf as a photosynthetic machine
2. How does photosynthesis convert light energy into chemical energy?
3. How does photosynthesis interact with other pathways?
4. The Calvin Cycle.

how extension occur in cell wall and what are the two forms of cell wall?

Mr. Guhan is a Ph.D. student studying the gene expression profile of neutrophils from blood cancer patients. He is planning to produce neutrophils from hematopoietic stem cells rather than isolating patient blood samples. But, he has no idea how to make neutrophils from stem cells. Can you give a conceptual approach to make neutrophils from stem cells? Explain how you can convince Mr. Guhan that your idea works better? What are the distinct stages of cell differentiation that occur before reaching neutrophils? Explain at least one of the major ligands and its pathways involved in the growth cycle. What are the different ways he can confirm the cells that he produced are neutrophils?

Two 10- and 11-years old boys infected with a Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and consulted a physician. Their mother states that a high fever occurred during the last 24 hours. The physician observed that both had a viral illness and laboratory test positive for RSV infection, and the mother told the doctor both received a subunit vaccine against RSV a year ago. For the first son, fever disappeared the next day but not for the second son, have high fever and breathing problems even after five days. Write a detailed explanation and schematic diagram/graph for the following questions: What are the immunological reactions that might happen during the vaccination in both first and second children? Why the boys got RSV infection even after vaccination? Why fever disappears for the first why not to the second? What kind of immunological response might happen to the first and second children after infection?

An injury in the chest wall can cause the chest cavity to fill with air, resulting in a collapsed lung. Predict how the residual volume in an individual who has suffered such an injury would compare with the residual volume in a healthy individual.