Age-related maculopathy is a leading cause of blindness among people 65 and older in the United States, and is estimated to affect between 16 and 26% of people in this age group. In a recent study by Klein, residents aged 43 to 86 years in the town of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin were asked to participate in a study to determine whether cigarette smoking was related to age-related maculopathy. At a baseline examination, participants were asked to report their lifetime smoking habits. After 5 years, participants had an examination to determine whether they had developed age-related maculopathy. The following table presents the number of cases of age-related maculopathy measured at the follow-up examination among the 1232 male participants ages 43-86 who did not have age related maculopathy (ARM) at the baseline examination:
Smoking status
N
Cases of ARM
Never smokers
368
26
Ever smokers
864
79
Create a 2 x 2 table where one axis is smoking status and the other is age-related maculopathy status. (4 pts)
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