According to Kragelund (2014, prescribed e-reserve article), the funding that Zambia receives
from non-traditional state actors such as China, India and Brazil has (Kragelund 2017, e-reserve
article):
1. provided the funds to pay off all of Zambia’s loans from its traditional donors.
2. provided the opportunity for Zambia to finance more autonomous developmental policies.
3. entrapped Zambia in a whole new set of aid conditionalities.
4. made absolutely no change to Zambia’s copper-dependent developmental trajectory.
QUESTION 15
According to Makgala and Botlhomilwe (2017, e-reserve article), why is the use of tribalism in
political campaigns rarely successful in political campaigns?
1. Because the people of Botswana ignore ethnic difference for fear of an outbreak of civil
war.
2. Because ethnic differences are simply not important in Botswana.
3. Because the people of Botswana are more concerned with issues of government service
delivery.
4. None of the above.
2. provided the opportunity for Zambia to finance more autonomous developmental policies.
question 15
1. Because the people of Botswana ignore ethnic difference for fear of an outbreak of civil
war.
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