Answer to Question #321018 in English for Nosifundo cfundo

Question

1.list and explain five key element that should be included in the learning programme.(10marks)

2.Outline and define the different assessment models and approaches. Provide practical example for each model. (7marks)

3.Differentiate using a table between deep and surface approaches to learning. (8marks)

Answer 1

question one

1) The teacher and teaching methods

The teacher is perhaps the most important factor in the quality of education. Is he/she a trained teacher? Personally suited? Does he/she use teaching methods that permit the pupils to participate actively? Do the teaching methods even out the different starting points of the students, including gender?

2) Educational content

Are the curriculum and the teaching material relevant? Are basic literacy and numeracy skills sufficiently emphasized?

Does the curriculum also highlight basic skills such as hygiene, nutrition, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, conflict work, gender equality or other important national and international issues?

3) Learning environment

Is the learning environment healthy, secure, protective, inspiring and adapted for both girls and boys? Is there an inclusive learning environment also for minorities or pupils with disabilities? Do the pupils learn to respect each other and the surrounding natural environment?

Do the teachers cooperate to ensure a sound learning environment? Do they punish the pupils? Are parents and the surrounding community included so as to ensure that the school is a welcoming place to be?

4) School management

Is the school well run? Does it adhere to national guidelines? Is the school day well organized? Is the administration of the school transparent so that everyone can see how funding and other resources are deployed?

Do teachers have clear parameters for how they should teach and treat pupils and (female) colleagues? Do headteachers and the school board treat teachers with respect?

5) Preconditions for pupils

What experiences do pupils bring with them to school? Has the pupil been exposed to special challenges such as natural disasters, abuse, child labour or AIDS? Has the pupil grown up in an environment where girls and boys have equal opportunities?

How dissimilar is the language used at school to the one spoken at home? Are pupils hungry when they arrive at school? Do any suffer from chronic diseases? Do they have a long way to school and what is this like?

question 2

Assessment for learning

Assessment for learning involves teachers using evidence about students' knowledge, understanding and skills to inform their teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment', it usually occurs throughout the teaching and learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.

Assessment as learning

Assessment as learning occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment for new learning.

Assessment of learning

Assessment of learning assists teachers in using evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards. Sometimes referred to as ‘summative assessment', it usually occurs at defined key points during a unit of work or at the end of a unit, term or semester, and may be used to rank or grade students. The effectiveness of this for grading or ranking depends on the validity and reliability of activities - and its effectiveness as an opportunity for learning depends on the nature and quality of the feedback.

question 3

Parameters of Comparison

Deep Learning

1Definition Deep learning is the process of actively collecting information as well as analyzing the study material.

2thinking process Critical thinking is required while deep learning

3Target Performed to completely understand and analyze the study material

4Learning process Constant thinking and rumination of the data being studied

5Situations Most often observed in case of doctors and scientists, and other critical environments

Surface Learning

1definition Surface learning is the process of understanding the general idea of the study material, by passively reading through the concepts

2Thinking process Passive thinking is present while surface learning

3 Target Performed Performed to obtain a general idea about the study material

4Learning process Only reading and getting the general idea of the topic is required

5 Situations Observed in everyday situations, where critical thinking is not required